What is a urinary tract infection?

A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection in any part of the urinary system. Most infections are found in the urethra or bladder, in the urinary system’s lower portion, but can exhibit in the ureters or kidneys as well. 

Usually, infections begin in the urethra and can spread into the bladder. At this stage, UTI symptoms are mild to moderate. Common indicators might include urinary complications and pelvic pain. 

UTIs are very common, and about 60% of women have at least one in their lifetime. However, at least 12% of men will experience a urinary tract infection in their lifetime. 

While often not cause for concern, recurrent UTIs are rarer. If more than three occur in one year, additional medical attention is necessary.

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Causes and symptoms of UTIs

Women are more likely to experience UTIs than men, due to female anatomy structure. The female urethra is shorter than a male’s, which increases the chance of infection. 

Bacteria cause UTIs by entering the urinary system and infecting at greater rates than the body can counteract. In some cases, fungi can cause infection in the same way. 

Bacterial and fungal infections occur for multiple reasons, most of which are avoidable by active awareness and self care. Urinary tract infection causes can include:

• Low hydration

• Nerve damage or injuries potentially complicating bladder functions

• Diabetes and other conditions potentially impacting urination

• Urinary tract hormonal changes during pregnancy

• Intentionally withholding urination too often or for unhealthy amounts of time

• Compromised muscles, vaginal skin, or urethra due to childbirth, aging, or menopause

However, if UTIs appear more frequently or do not recover, medical attention by a healthcare provider will help to rule out other possibilities.

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Signs of a urinary tract infection

Most urinary tract infection symptoms present during or regarding urination. Those might include:

• Increased urge to urinate, but difficulty or complication in doing so

• Peeing more frequently but in smaller quantities

• Cloudy urine appearance

• Red, pink, or rust-color

• Blood in urination

• Irregular, strong smell

In addition to otherwise nonexistent urination symptoms, a person with a UTI might experience pelvic pain. UTI pelvic pain is most often in areas surrounding the bladder or pelvic bone.

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Urinary tract infection treatment

Urinary tract infections are easily treatable, but they require the right attention. 

Preventative care is the most promising way to stave infection. Habits like staying hydrated, maintaining hygiene, avoiding irritating 

products, and sustaining vitamin levels help to avoid UTIs. However, these infections remain possible.

If presenting any symptoms, professional diagnosis will help provide the fastest recovery. When suspected, scheduling an appointment with a healthcare provider allows for diagnosis and treatment. 

To treat a UTI, doctors often prescribe an antibiotic to help fight bacteria and overcome the infection. Be sure to discuss your options with a provider at the first sign of symptoms.